The Narrator As An Invisible Man - 1305 Words

The novel opens with the nameless narrator introducing himself to the reader as an invisible man. The Narrator makes it clear that he is not actually invisible but is considered as such because people refuse to see him. The Narrator is speaking from an underground space illuminated by a ridiculous number of light bulbs underneath a whites-only building. He goes on to tell the reader that he was not always in this predicament and begins to tell the tale of his younger days which led him to his current situation. Invisible Man pleads that the reader bear with him during this tale characterized by naivety, ignorance, and eagerness. The tale opens with the Narrator being invited to give his high school valedictory speech in front of leading white men in his community. When the Narrator arrives to give his speech, he is forced to participate in a boxing style competition, along with several other boys, for the entertainment of the white men in attendance. Invisible Man and the boys are th en made to further humiliate themselves by having to grab coins off of an electrified rug. Once this is over, the Narrator is allowed to give his speech. The men love it until the Narrator slips up and says â€Å"social equality† instead of â€Å"social responsibility†. After delivering his speech, Invisible Man is given a briefcase with a scholarship to the state college for Negroes inside. Later that night, the Narrator has a dream about his grandfather and the new briefcase. In the dream, Invisible ManShow MoreRelatedThe Narrator Of Invisible Man942 Words   |  4 PagesThe narrator of Invisible Man was subjected to the racism that was prevalent in New York City in the 1950’s. This â€Å"invisible man† is called such because he is an African-American male, and is looked down upon by the rich white citizens. The narrator, who is nameless to maintain the characteristic of invisible, is subject to a kind of Hero’s Journey of his own, in which he i s kicked out of his college by the president of the college, when â€Å"he discovers that the president he admired humbly is a cynicalRead More The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man The narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man views himself as invisible because he believes the world is full of blind men who cannot see him for who is really is. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is treated by white men as the stereotypical black male - sex-hungry, poor and violent. These white men areRead MoreInvisible Man1346 Words   |  6 PagesJanelle Clovie Dr. Blanchard AP Literature 3 November 2017 Familial Connections in Invisible Man Family. It is a very fluid yet rigid idea. It has a wealth of definitions, all of which range in degree and magnitude, and vary from person to person; yet the concept of how a family should work and operate is very concrete in most American minds. Family is a bond that is crafted every second of everyday until it is powerful, and this can shape beliefs, outlooks, and confidence. A study found that childrenRead MoreInvisible Man1629 Words   |  7 PagesAmanda Trujillo Gianunzio English 1B 24 October 2017 Invisible Man: Impact of Invisibility and Blindness on Individual identity The themes of blindness and invisibility are evident throughout the novel. The society is blind to the behavior and characteristics of the narrator. The narrator makes himself invisible since he knows the society already sees him as an unimportant individual. The aspect of invisibility is evident throughout the novel including his aim of impressing the white, his innocenceRead More The Invisible Man Essay example946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Invisible Man Ralph Ellison speaks of a man who is â€Å"invisible† to the world around him because people fail to acknowledge his presence. The author of the piece draws from his own experience as an ignored man and creates a character that depicts the extreme characteristics of a man whom few stop to acknowledge. Ellison persuades his audience to sympathize with this violent man through the use of rhetorical appeal. Ethos and pathos are dominant in Ellison’s writing style. HisRead MoreInvisibility in Invisible Man1352 Words   |  6 PagesInvisibility in Invisible Man In order to analyze Invisible Man on any level one mush first come to terms with Ellisons definition of invisible. To Ellison invisible is not merely a faux representation to the senses; in actuality, it is the embodiment of not being. This simply means that for Ellison, his main character is not just out of sight, but he is completely unperceivable. The assertion that the Negro is relegated to some sub-section of society is nothing new; however, never beforeRead MoreSimilarities Between Harry Potter And The Invisible Man1574 Words   |  7 Pages The Man or the Cloak: Invisible Man compared to Harry Potter Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling are novels that, while diverse in subject matter and time period, share common themes and patterns. Invisible Man follows the journey of self-discovery of an unnamed â€Å"invisible man† as he journeys up North to find work. The well-known Harry Potter series follows a young wizard through the trials and tribulations of Hogwarts, the school of wizardry. Various symbolsRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe Author The author of Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison, was born March 1st, 1914, and died April 16, 1994. He was born in Oklahoma City and named after Ralph Waldo Emerson, a famous journalist and poet. When Ellison was 3, his father died of a work-related accident, leaving his mother to care for him and his younger brother. As a young boy, he always wanted to major in music, and he went to Tuskegee University to become a composer and performer of music. The summer before his senior year in collegeRead More Invisibility in I, Too, Sing America Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesInvisibility in I, Too, Sing America Ralph Ellisons novel Invisible Man, focuses around the main character (whom we only know as Narrator) claiming himself as invisible. The narrator does not refer to himself as invisible in the light that nobody can physically see him, but instead that nobody sees him for what kind of person he truely is. The poem, I, Too, Sing America, written by Langston Hughes, also focuses around the invisiblity (but in more of an indirect way) of a black slave.Read More Betrayal of Self in Ellisons Invisible Man Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesBetrayal of Self in Ellisons Invisible Man   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, the nameless narrator is betrayed by a handful of different characters--for this reason his life remains in a constant state of upheaval throughout the novel. Confusion and a lack of personal vision cause the Invisible Man to trust many characters whose designs for him are less than virtuous. Oftentimes these characters betray the Invisible Man, whose reactions to said betrayals form the greater part of

Hyperreality - 3079 Words

Tittle: Hyper reality and Celebrity culture Nowadays media and technology are growing as hard to predict. Affected to the social behavior, Human can t recognize the truth; we confused by the hyper reality, we involuntarily to follow the system in our life. Hong Kong is a tiny city with flourishing information. The life style is the faster the better, it develop a lot of a copy action in different business, especially in wedding industry, meanwhile Hong Kong peoples are highly depend on Internet, the city haven’t realize its lead by celebrity culture and media. In this past five-year in Hong Kong had created a new way to represent news call â€Å"action news† they use 3D animation represent the whole happened in internet, but Is it the†¦show more content†¦Hyper- reality or media accelerate new wedding behaviour to intrude our mind and it permeates our mental. J.Baudrillard(1988:98) said â€Å"as a sort of historical attraction to the second degree, a simulacrum to the second power.† The new wedding behaviours are deception and falsehood; the wedding photography companies build up a hyper reality land for the bride and groom to takes photos. There normally like a Destiny land or cinema studio, people can easy to cross around the world, they imitate Beijing the Forbidden City, Europe church, USA Main Street and something you can expects (picture 6-11). Because of the high emulation building complex, Human the examination will get weak. At the same time there is not original emulation, consequently human will forget how is the real Forbidden City look like, human impress is the emulation of Forbidden City, Reality will cover by Simulation. J.Baudrillard(1988:113) believe â€Å"The Disneyland imaginary is neither true nor false: it is a deterrence machine set up in order to rejuvenate in reverse the fiction of the real. Whence the deb ility, the infantile degeneration of this imaginary. It’s meant to be an infantile world, in order to make us believe that the adults are elsewhere, in the â€Å"real† world, and to conceal the fact†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Disneyland is really similar the wedding company’s studio, they smashShow MoreRelatedWhat Aspects Of The Museum Provide The Visitor With An Authentic Experience1180 Words   |  5 PagesPrecession of Simulacra,† by Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard describes different levels and types of simulacra that exist, which I view as a sort of scale between simulation and hyperreality, where the real is something entirely separate. Authenticity falls within this model in the real. Winterthur exists in a state of hyperreality. It is a historic house, which was once the home of Henry Francis du Pont, a collector of American decorative arts. In the 1950s the house was converted into a public museumRead MoreAnalysis Of Axolotl And Simulacra And Simulations 1646 Words   |  7 Pagesthe simulacrum of phases of an image begins again; as the now transformed narrator begins his obsession of a the man standing at the tank wondering if the man’s obsession with the axolotl becom es a world of it’s own. Baudrillard’s idea of hyperreality and imaginary is reflected more in Cortà ¡zar’s story â€Å"The Night Face Up† it my have elements of the phases of the images but it gets skewed by the swift changes between the two times. It simulates two realities that may not have a true simulacrumRead MoreJean Baudrillard : An Influential Thinker1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthen to postmodern society. Baudrillard called it the procession of the simulacrum span across four periods: (1) the age of the Symbolic and the Counterfeit; (2) the age of the Sign and Production: (3) the age of Simulations, and (4) the age of Hyperreality (Jackson, Nelsen and Hsu 2011: 18). Before the Renaissance, people were living with symbols, and it represented something real; whereas this is not necessarily the case with signs (Jackson, Nelsen and Hsu 2011: 18). According to Koch (2006)Read MoreThe Rise of a Mash-up Culture Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pageslike it or not. What comes to mind is hyperreality - what Jean Baudrillard called â€Å"the generation by models of a real without origin or reality† (166). Digital representations, originally intended to recreate the original sound waves of the music, are losing their point of origin and becoming musical works on their own. Technological developments in the 21st century have given us profoundly new ways of interacting with and perceiving representations. Hyperreality is becoming more pervasive in societyRead MoreThis essay will discuss Foucault’s and Bauldrillard’s views on today’s society. Foucault sees the1100 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisements today usually have got nothing t o do with the use of the product itself. Images and signs have become more real than reality, representations of the real such as simulations and any other ways have become dominant. This is called hyperreality or a simulated reality which means that a situation in reality is projected though signs, images and simulations but have little basis in reality that we value the representation of reality than reality itself. Overall, Baudrillard suggest thatRead MoreSimulacrum And Simulations And Simulacra And Science Fiction1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfor multiple reasons. First, in The Matrix the victim’s can wake up to the real world once they escape the matrix. However, according to Baudrillard’s ideologies, there is no real in hyperreality and thus there would be nothing to wake up to. Therefore, The Matrix doesn’t truly mimic Baudrillard’s theory of hyperreality. Secondly, Baudrillard argues that as soon as a simulation has been created, it will â€Å"[n]ever again will the real have the chance to produce itself† (Lutzka 120). What BaudrillardRead MoreDiscuss Las Vegas in Relation to Hyperreality. Demonstrate This Through Specific Examples and at Least One Theoretical Approach. Include Relevant Illustrations to Support Argument.2681 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is hyperreality and what does it mean? Why is Las Vegas postulated to be ‘hyperreal’? Furthermore why is it that so many people in the world want to visit Las Vegas, and people return back to Las Vegas year after year, even though we all believe the city, and everything within it, is superficial and fake? Perhaps it is to do with nostalgia, or the fact that Las Vegas is very good at being a themed illusion which puts everyone into a trance and make them believe they are in fantasyland? WhyRead MorePostmodernism Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesPostmodernism shifted s ociety from customers to â€Å"stakeholders†, this is also known as ‘Live to Consume’ shifted to ‘Consume to Live’. According to Firat and Dholakia postmodernism attributes are hyperreality, fragmentation, decentering, juxtapositions and paradoxes (Firat and Dholakia 2006). Hyperreality is essentially an image or a collection of images or feelings that corrupt reality purposefully to create a psychological form of reality that has been constructed on an imagined plan. We can seeRead MorePostmodernism And Modernism1273 Words   |  6 Pagesfragmentation, hyperreality, and anti-foundationalism. Fragmentation is the absolute chaos and dissolution of products in society as the abundance of offerings overwhelms consumers with a massive amount of options which increases competition, and subsequently serves as a self-fulfilling cycle. In a fragmented realm of choice consumers frequently reconsider the product they want and as a result, the buying patterns become unpredictable (Goneos-Malka, Grobler, and Strasheim 2013, 128). Hyperreality is oneRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Novel 1480 Words   |  6 Pagesa drug addict and thus create other realities to escape from accepting their own. The postmodern idea of hyperreality—the idea of a fabricated world or aspect that becomes more real than reality and that no one has a choice—permeates throughout DeLillo’s novel. At the beginning of novel when Murray and Jack visit the most photographed barn in America, DeLillo presents the idea of hyperreality. The photos of the barn become more real than the barn itself, and once one knows the barn is the most photographed

Education Is A Fundamental System Essay - 1713 Words

Education is understood as a fundamental system, which may be important in one’s personal journey. It is considered to be beneficial because it allows us to gain baseline skills to be able to evolve and succeed in our adolescence. However, many undergo difficulties in achieving these successes due to the misfortunes of being diagnosed with a learning disability.Learning disabilities have been a controversial issue in America for as long as we know. Due to these factors, many individuals are shunned from their communities and are treated as social outcasts. In 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was brought to light in America. This insured equality in the educational needs of all children with disabilities. Despite the reform actions being stressed upon the concern for equal education for children with disabilities, this doesn’t eliminate the persistent injustices constructed by our society. The many social discriminations being imposed upon students with disabilities, regarding their education, is shaping the contrasting academic succession rates they are receiving. There are many different types of learning disabilities that exist today. Many people who misinterpret the true meaning of a learning disability (LD) disregard the obstacles these students are dealing with on a daily basis and the importance of those issues. Normally, most people don’t feel discouraged interacting with students with learning disabilities, due to the social norm indicating thatShow MoreRelatedTodays Education Has Changed Over Time1077 Words   |  5 PagesTodays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as student’s ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elemen tary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Past and present behavior have differedRead MoreTodays Education Has Changed Over Time1161 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of student’s caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a role in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen year veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementary has a good insight into how the educational system has changed over time. Transition: N/A ParagraphRead MoreTodays Education Has Changed Over Time1171 Words   |  5 PagesEducation Rewind Introduction: Todays education has changed in many ways over the years. From the behavior of students caused by different parenting skills, how teachers teach their classes as well as students ability to use fundamentals, media and technology all play a roll in how the world of education has evolved. Robin Lawrence a thirteen years veteran teacher now a curriculum specialist at Bellaire Elementry has a good insight to how the educational system has changed over time. Transition:Read MoreEssay on Foundations of Education1649 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Among the significant figures in the history of the American Educational System, few have had as much ideological and practical influence as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Horace Mann, John Dewy, and Johann Pestolazzi. Each altered the course of American education to a degree that the developments made during and after the lifetimes of each of these figures are practically manifested in today’s educational environment. In some cases, as with Franklin, much ofRead MoreMusic Education And Its Impact On Education Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAs you can see, music and dance are very influential in the culture of Brazil. Therefore, music education is also important in the lives of the Brazilian people. Children are exposed to music from an early age through family and community. Unfortunately, music education is not highly regarded in the school system. The amount of music education differs greatly by school and teachers. Most public schools do not have a special music teacher or department. In order to be well educated in music a studentRead MoreThe Right Of Education Act ( Rte ) Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesRight to Education Act (RTE) came into action on 1st April, 2010 has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right of every child in the 6 to 14 age group. Now our India has joined the group of those countries who provide for a constitutional right to free and compulsory education to its children. The RTE Act mandates that â€Å"every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have a right to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school till completion of elementary education.† AsRead MoreA Brief History of Education in Norway1464 Words   |  6 Pageswhen it comes to education regardless of their social status, gender, and special needs (Education in Norway 5). Knowing how the education in Norway develop ed is a great way to get a sense of how this phenomenon of personal investment relates to the benefits and disadvantages that society has had in this particular time. During the mid 1700s, Norway had only a few people that were able to read and write, but most were illiterate. Because of the Church, Norway passed its Education Act in 1739, whichRead MoreImproving School Education System Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesreap the benefits. Free education is one major benefit that not many other countries provide for their citizens. While it is only a privilege to many, but in the States, people have the right to be educated. However, free education cannot be translated to success for all. For those motivated ones who cherish the privilege to be educated are those who climb up the success ladders later in life. For a certain majority of students in the States, our current educational system may not seem to serveRead MoreThe Right to Education Essay577 Words   |  3 PagesEducation is a elemental human right and essential for all other human rights. It is a powerful tool by which socially and economically marginalized children and adults can lift themselves out of poverty. It also consists of the right to freedom of education. Freedom of education is the right given to human beings to have access to the education of their preference without any constrictions. Right to education is a human right recognized by the United Nations. It includes the entire compulsion toRead MoreThe Gender Conflict in School Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, education has taken the face of men. Specifically, our existence has been ruled, quite dominantly, by men. Males have ruled as kings, conquered continents, and killed the meat necessary for our survival. Women, on the other hand, have performed the cleaning, cooking, and sewing; only recently, in the past 100 years, have women gained equal academic rights as men and have become incorporated in our education systems. This shift in the perspective of women has benefitted not only

Chris Elliott Essay Example For Students

Chris Elliott Essay Professor ThomasEng 10224 March 2003Research PaperAfter reading short stories such as Barn Burning, The Things TheyCarried, and I Stand Here Ironing, these works made me wonder what theauthors were thinking when they wrote these short stories. The shortsummary before each story do tell some facts about the author, which givesthe reader an explanation for where the author is coming from when he orshe writes the short story. However, these short biographies left mewanting to learn more information about the authors. The one short storythat raises the most questions is The Things They Carried, written by TimOBrien in 1990. OBrien is one of many writers who wrote about the Vietnam War, butone of the few that uses first hand experiences in his stories. Thiselement adds in the effectiveness of the short story. The great detail ofthe war front in Vietnam made me feel like I was part of the platoon, whichwas at risk each and every day they stepped outside of their bases. Almostall of his stories involve a war-like experience or situation. This story provides great relevance to me today because of thesituation that our country is involved in over in Iraq.During thisparticular time in our country today many parallels are created with theWar today and the Vietnam War. I believe we all need to learn as much aswe can about our countrys history in order to understand the situation weare currently involved. OBrien uses his literary techniques to help givethe reader a sense of understanding what the troops go through during war. I have always been intrigued with stories about personal war experiences orbooks describing the time line of events that took place. Before ourcountry invaded Iraq many people in our country were divided about ourrelationship with Iraq. Now it is time for the citizens of the UnitedStates of America to support our troops, who are giving their lives tofight for something they believe in. Especially since American troops havestarted to lose their lives in operation freedom. Many of the scenes inThe Things They Carried can relate to the same situation the troops inIraq may feel while marching through the desert. I feel that OBrien isthe perfect author to study and learn more about his background during thissomber time in our country. The only information that I know about Tim OBrien is from the shortbiography listed before the story. This information states that OBrienwas born on 1947 in Austin, Minnesota. He received his education fromMacalester College then went to Harvard University to further hiseducation. OBrien won the national book award for Going After Cacciatoin 1978. His short story, The Things They Carried, that I choose toanalyze was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. After reading the story, Iknew that he served in the U.S. Army and fought in the Vietnam War back inthe 1970s. The short story The Things They Carried poses many questions andmade me feel the need for more information. I want to know what inspiredOBrien to start writing about the Vietnam War when he returned. What hisactual role in the Vietnam War was and why he decided to join the army arealso questions in my mind. From the story was did he decide to write aboutthe items the soldiers carried during battle. Also what other stories hasOBrien written about his war experiences? Through research I hope to findwhen OBrien became serious about writing? What was OBriens opinion onthe war and did he every feel that they were fighting for the wrongreasons? Was their ever a moment in the war when he mentally lost focus ordid he use writing as a relaxation technique? Many of these questions Iwill try to answer from research. Cyprus - History Of The Conflict EssayThe Vietnam War, influenced-and even brought about-writing career(OBrien 2)StyleHis diction is simple, his sentences are rhythmic, and his characters havedistinct speaking voices, but they also represent values (Tim OBrien1). OBriens writing organizes itself around a familiar set of oppositions:war versus peace, love versus hate, men versus women, reality versusimagination, sanity versus insanity, cowardice versus courage, safetyversus danger, and change versus stasis (Tim OBrien 1). OBrien returns again and again to the complex relationship among reality,the imagination, and language (Tim OBrien 2). Imagination shapes our realitiesImagination core of his workYou shape your own universe. You practice all the time, then practice somemore. You pay attention to craft. You aim for tension and and suspense, asense of drama, displaying in concrete terms the actions and reactions ofhuman beings contesting problems of the heart. You try to make art. Youstrive for wholeness, seeking continuity and flow, each element performingboth as cause and effect, always hoping to create, or re-create, the greatillusions of life (Contemporary Authors 2). Insight and wisdom are required, and that means reading and hard thought(Contemporary Authors 5). The thing about a story is that you dream it as you tell it (LiteraryBiography 6). After the warDuring several years as a graduate student studying government at HarvardUniversity (1970-1976) Wrote two his books If I Die in a Combat Zone andNorthern LightsTeaching assistant and a reporter for the Washington PostStruggled to make ends meatThe Things They CarriedThe Things They Carried is my best book (Interview 1). a fictional memoir filled with interconnected stories about the conflictand the people involved (Contemporary Authors 4). The most innovative and challenging book he had written to date (LiteraryBiography 1). revealing the most terrible truths about human beings (Literary Biography1). Prescott Wars seldom produce good short stories, but two or three of theseseem as good as any short stories written about war (Literary Biography2). Ninety percent or more of the material is invented, and I invented ninetypercent of a new Tim OBrien, maybe even more than that (LiteraryBiography 3). Stylistic risk taker and innovator with his own well established themes(Literary Biography 3). Writers he is compared tooOBrien currently belongs to the small platoon of great American warwriters that has walked through native mythic terrain (Literary Biography5). Limited category war writerCrane, Hemingway, Jones, Mailer, VonnegutPublications by Tim OBrienIf I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me HomeNorthern LightsGoing After CacciatoThe Nuclear AgeIn the Lake of the WoodsOther short stories and contributes to Playboy, Esquire and Redbook

A criminologist free essay sample

A criminologist blames economic recession and complex financial system as major reasons for the rising white collar crimes in the U. S. â€Å"In huge numbers of cases, people are not aware that they have been victims of white collar crime, for example, subjected to illegally spewed out pollution, or that they have purchased products that are unsafe, or that they have been subjected to corporate price fixing, or to the consequences of commodity speculation, which is believed to be one significant factor in driving up the cost of gasoline at the pump. â€Å"Witnesses† of white collar crime who often do not realize that a crime has occurred , may be confused about what to do in response to it. And our traditional frontline enforcement agencies ha not been organized to monitor and respond to white collar crime. In this case principal gents who handle such cases play an important role in white collar crime. Informers Whistle Blowers: Ethics Text #6. How can corporations ensure that their employees behave ethically? An ethical culture should be a top priority of every business, large or small.The challenge for many organizations is trying to understand what it takes to build one. From an enforceable code of conduct, to ongoing training and communications, to an anonymous reporting hotline, companies can quickly implement ethics and compliance programs and solutions that foster an ethical culture across the enterprise. In many companies today, management is dealing with a hodge-podge of different personalities, belief systems, backgrounds, ethnicities and politic affiliations. These are just a few things that may impede creating a single unified system of ethics.While many may say that right and wrong is what should ultimately determine the culture, others will argue that what is right for the majority may not be right for the minority. Having an ethical culture is an important component to running an effective business today. In fact, with the current state of legal and industry regulations, from Sarbanes-Oxley to HIPAA, not only is having an ethical culture a good idea, it is now practically a requirement. Developing an ethical culture will take more than creating a list of company dos and don’ts; although that list will help.It will take more than issuing a code of conduct via email to a new hire; although that too will help. What it will take is a combination of things. On this page, we focus on the top six steps that have the most effective and direct impact on establishing an ethical culture. The six steps are as follows: 1. Establish an enforceable code of conduct 2. Initial and ongoing training 3. Regular communications 4. Anonymous reporting hotline 5. Enforcement/Action 6. Rewarding employees that live the culture 1. Establish an Enforceable Code of ConductA code of conduct, often referred to as a code of ethics, is the foundation of any ethics program. The code of conduct should not be designed as a reaction to past missteps. An ethical culture is built upon the proactive efforts of the organization. The development of the code of conduct should be led by those at the top of the company, and should also include employees in the process. 2. Initial and Ongoing Training There is a phrase that has been used many times when it comes to training: â€Å"The day we stop learning is the day we die. †One of the most important aspects of developing an ethical culture is the ongoing training that companies can provide to executives and employees. The purpose of training is to help employees know what is expected of them and to help them understand that a strong ethical culture can protect the company’s reputation and actually enhance profits. Employees need to know that their ethical or unethical choices will have a direct impact on the success or failure of the company. In addition, training should also be tailored to specific positions in the company and employees roles.Management may need additional training to help deal with employee issues, while someone in purchasing may need more training on gifting policies and someone in finance needs to understand the company’s position on fraud. 3. Regular Communications Once the policy has been executed and training has started, communicating aspects about the code of conduct can have a significant impact on the ethical culture. Many of these communications come through the human resources department, but the voice of the executive management team is critical in these communications.The goal of communications is to make ethics a live, ongoing conversation. If ethics is something that is constantly addressed, referenced frequently in company meetings, and in personal conversations among managers and employees, then people are more aware and more willing to defend the company’s policies when they see or hear of problems. Employees will hold other employees responsible and accountable for living the company’s values. 4. Anonymous Reporting Hotline The fact that an ethics hotline exists within many companies may be a surprise to their employees. The hotline number or Web site URL is often hidden in the back of an employee handbook or within the dusty binder labeled Corporate Governance. An anonymous hotline provides employees with a confidential way of reporting unethical or inappropriate behavior. Many people are not comfortable with reporting bad behavior for fear of being considered a â€Å"snitch,† possible repercussions if the guilty party learned of who reported him or her, or perhaps impacts on their job. â€Å"Unfortunately, more than two of five employees (42 percent) who witnessed misconduct did not report it through any company channels. Others may want to report their concerns, but are not comfortable going directly to a manager or fellow employee. This is why the anonymous reporting hotline is so important. In its 2006 Report to the Nation on Fraud and Abuse, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners concluded that â€Å"Occupational frauds are more likely to be detected by a tip (34%) than by other means such as internal audits, external audits or internal controls. 5. Enforcement/Action A code of conduct has to be enforceable, and a company needs to take action when problems arise.Employees should be part of the enforcement and know if and when it has been violated. While 42 percent of employees are reluctant to report unethical behavior, the good news is that the ERC study also found that â€Å"the rate of misconduct is cut by three-fourths at companies with strong ethical cultures, and reporting is doubled at companies with comprehensive ethics programs. † Unethical behavior can have a damaging effect on a variety of aspects of a business, from brand reputation to bottom-line revenues.WorldCom’s and Enron’s names will forever be connected to accounting scandals that led to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Lockheed Martin was forced to pay $2. 5 million for knowingly looking the other way on alleged racial discrimination. Without enforcement, ethical guidelines listed in a corporate code of conduct are simply nice suggestions. 6. Rewarding Employees That Live the Culture The final step in developing an ethical culture is rewarding employees that behave ethically and live the culture that the organization is trying to instill companywide.With an ethics policy in place, ongoing training and communications, the ability to report unethical behavior and strict enforcement, an organization will have the structure in place that will leave little doubt the importance of ethical behavior. Like a manufacturing company that brags about its safety record with signs indicating how many days without an accident, companies should publicly congratulate their employees for adhering to the code of conduct.That performance could be rewarded in terms of a bonus based on how much money the company saved by not having internal issues or having to fight legal battles over unethical business or accounting practices. If an employee completes ethics training, is responsible for blowing the whistle on questionable activities, or provides unique ways for protecting the company’s confidential information, he or she should be recognized publicly by management. Employees need to know that creating an ethical culture is important to everyone from their direct managers to c-level executives.